Dolni Vestonice - Czech Republic Upper Paleolithic Site

Definition: Dolnà ­ Vestonice (Dohlnee VEST-oh-neets-eh) is a large Upper Paleolithic (Gravettian) occupation, loaded with information about the technology, art, animal exploitation, site settlement patterns and human burial activities of 30,000 years ago. The site lies buried beneath a thick layer of loess, on the slopes of the Pavlov Hills above the Dyje river. The site is near the modern town of Brno in the region of Moravia in the eastern part of what is now the Czech Republic. Artifacts from Doln Vestonice The site has three separate parts (called in the literature DV1, DV2, and DV3), but all of them represent the same Gravettian occupation: they were named after the excavation trenches that were dug to investigate them. Among the features identified at Dolnà ­ Vestonice are hearths, possible structures, and human burials. One grave contains two men and one woman; a lithic tool workshop has also been identified. One grave of an adult woman contained burial goods, including several stone tools, five fox incisors and a mammoth scapula. In addition, a thin layer of red ochre was placed over the bones, indicating a specific burial ritual. Lithic tools from the site include distinctive Gravettian objects, such as backed points, blades and bladelets. Other artifacts recovered from Dolnà ­ Vestonice include mammoth ivory and bone battens, which have been interpreted as loom sticks, evidence of weaving during the Gravettian. Other important finds at Dolni Vestonice include fired-clay figurines, such as the venus illustrated above. Radiocarbon dates on the human remains and charcoal recovered from hearths range between 31,383-30,869 calibrated radiocarbon years before the present (cal BP). Archaeology at Doln Vestonice Discovered in 1922, Dolnà ­ Vestonice was first excavated during the first half of the 20th century. A salvage operation was undertaken in the 1980s, when borrowing of the soil for dam construction was eminent. Much of the original DV2 excavation was destroyed during the dam construction, but the operation which exposed additional Gravettian deposits in the region. Ivestigations in the 1990s were conducted by Petr Ã…  krdla of the Institute of Archaeology at Brno. These excavations continue as part of the Moravian Gate Project, an international project including the Centre for Palaeolithic and Palaeoethnological Research at the Institute of Archaeology, Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic and the McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research at the University of Cambridge in the UK. Sources This glossary entry is a part of the About.com guide to Upper Paleolithic, and the Dictionary of Archaeology. Beresford-Jones D, Taylor S, Paine C, Pryor A, Svoboda J, and Jones M. 2011. Rapid climate change in the Upper Palaeolithic: the record of charcoal conifer rings from the Gravettian site of Dolnà ­ Vestonice, Czech Republic. Quaternary Science Reviews 30(15-16):1948-1964. Formicola V. 2007. From the sunghir children to the Romito dwarf: Aspects of the Upper Paleolithic funerary landscape. Current Anthropology 48(3):446-452. Marciniak A. 2008. Europe, Central and Eastern. In: Pearsall DM, editor. Encyclopedia of Archaeology. New York: Academic Press. p 1199-1210. Soffer O. 2004. Recovering Perishable Technologies through Use Wear on Tools: Preliminary Evidence for Upper Paleolithic Weaving and Net Making. Current Anthropology 45(3):407-424. Tomaskova S. 2003. Nationalism, local histories and the making of data in archaeology. Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute 9:485-507. Trinkaus E, and Jelinik J. 1997. Human remains from the Moravian Gravettian: the Dolnà ­ Vestonice 3 postcrania. Journal of Human Evolution 33:33–82. Also Known As: Grottes du Pape

One Teachers Inspiration Essay - 611 Words

My view of Literature is that it is the soul to the imagination. I may be mistaken, but that is the beauty of literary words; there is no truth, no right nor wrong in them, yet they hold just about everything to learn on life. Miss Judy Brown, my form four English teacher, has really inspired me in indispensible ways. She is definitely one in a billion. Before meeting Miss Brown, I had absolutely no interest in Literature. She is a tall, slender, blonde woman, with many life experiences: from working in South Africa during apartheid times, and surviving breast cancer. Before my introduction to her, the only subjects I considered worthwhile to read were science and history as I was hopeless at annotating poems, let alone understand a†¦show more content†¦After lunch, I returned to my room in the brown-walled, loud boarding house to revise the notes she had handed out. To my surprise, I had understood most of the notes. But what befuddled me most was getting a B plus for the first Literature test. Seeing a reverie come to life made realize that I am not disastrous in Literature; with continued reading, I could actually get my intended A grade. For sure Miss Brown is not like any other teacher I have met, with her skill of making fall deep in-love with Literature. During my second year with Judy, she was diagnosed with breast cancer. Once she accepted her illness, she told us why she will be missing consecutive days in school. Because of that, my respect for her went through the roof - few Batswana would never disclose their illness especially to a group of sixteen year olds. She did not let breast cancer get to her. If she was not battling the chemotherapy side-effects, we were sure to have an exciting English class, even if we constantly remonstrated that she took more breaks. If reminding us of how much our parents were paying for each lesson did not work, she would always say in an imperturbable tone, â€Å"I do not want to impoverish your chances of getting your deserved grades.† How strong can a person actually be? As my interests lie with English novelists and rappers, authors such as Danielle Steele, Stephanie Meyer, Shawn ‘Jay-Z’ Carter and anonymous have become myShow MoreRelatedPrincipals Leadership Style Indire ct Influence Studentssuccess1365 Words   |  6 Pagesindirect impact, because the truly direct impact is toward the teachers, which, as a transitivity effect, impact as well the academic achievement of their students. The purpose of this paper is analyze the impact of transformational principals in teacher’s commitment and job satisfaction, and in consequence, their effect in the student’s success. According to Owens and Valesky (2015), educational leadership is a dynamic process of constant, ongoing, and development changes. 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Commodity Market free essay sample

The main objective is to analyze the awareness of investors regarding commodity market. To achieve the overall objective, various sub-objectives have been established. These are: To study the features of various commodities. To analyze the market potential of the Commodity market. To know about the future prospective of the Commodity market. To know more and more about the commodity market. Commodity Exchange Terminal [pic] Introduction to Commodity Market What is â€Å"Commodity†? Any product that can be used for commerce or an article of commerce which is traded on an authorized commodity exchange is known as commodity. The article should be movable of value, something which is bought or sold and which is produced or used as the subject or barter or sale. In short commodity includes all kinds of goods. Indian Forward Contracts Regulation Act (FCRA), 1952 defines â€Å"goods† as â€Å"every kind of movable property other than actionable claims, money and securities†. We will write a custom essay sample on Commodity Market or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In current situation, all goods and products of agricultural (including plantation), mineral and fossil origin are allowed for commodity trading recognized under the FCRA. The national commodity exchanges, recognized by the Central Government, permits commodities which include precious (gold and silver) and non-ferrous metals, cereals and pulses, ginned and un-ginned cotton, oil seeds, oils and oil cakes, raw jute and jute goods, sugar and guar, potatoes nd onions, coffee and tea, rubber and spices. Etc. [pic][pic][pic][pic][pic][pic] [pic][pic][pic] What is a commodity exchange? A commodity exchange is an association or a company or any other body corporate organizing futures trading in commodities for which license has been granted by regulating authority. STRUCTURE OF COMMODITY MARKET [pic] [pic] List of Exchanges in India 1. Bhatinda Om Oil Exchange Ltd. , Bhatinda. 2. The Bombay Commodity Exchange Ltd. , Mumbai 3. The Rajkot Seeds oil Bullion Merchants Association Ltd 4. The Kanpur Commodity Exchange Ltd. , Kanpur 5. The Meerut Agro Commodities Exchange Co. Ltd. , Meerut 6. The Spices and Oilseeds Exchange Ltd. 7. Ahmadabad Commodity Exchange Ltd. 8. Vijay Beopar Chamber Ltd. , Muzaffarnagar 9. India Pepper Spice Trade Association, Kochi 10. Rajdhani Oils and Oilseeds Exchange Ltd. , Delhi 11. National Board of Trade, Indore 12. The Chamber Of Commerce, Hapur 13. The East India Cotton Association, Mumbai 14. The Central India Commercial Exchange Ltd. , Gwalior 15. The East India Jute Hessian Exchange Ltd. 16. First Commodity Exchange of India Ltd, Kochi 17. Bikaner Commodity Exchange Ltd. , Bikaner 18. The Coffee Futures Exchange India Ltd, Bangalore 9. Esugar India Limited 20. National Multi Commodity Exchange of India Limited 21. Surendranagar Cotton oil Oilseeds Association Ltd 22. Multi Commodity Exchange of India Ltd 23. National Commodity Derivatives Exchange Ltd 24. Haryana Commodities Ltd. , Hissar 25. e-Commodities Ltd Of these 25 commodities exchanges the MCX, NCDEX and NMCEIL are the major Commodity Exchanges. Multi Commo dity Exchange of India Limited (MCX) Multi Commodity Exchange of India Limited (MCX) is an independent and de-mutualised exchange with permanent reorganization from Government of India, having Head Quarter in Mumbai. Key share holders of MCX are Financial Technologies (India) Limited, State Bank of India, Union Bank of India, Corporation Bank of India, Bank of India and Canara Bank. MCX facilitates online trading, clearing and settlement operations for commodity futures market across the country. MCX started of trade in Nov 2003 and has built strategic alliance with Bombay Bullion Association, Bombay Metal Exchange, Solvent Extractors Association of India, pulses Importers Association and Shetkari Sanghatana. MCX deals with about 100 commodities. For which Xerox copy of any one of the following can be given a) PAN card Number b) Driving License c) Vote ID d) Passport What statements should be given for Bank Proof? The front page of Bank Pass Book and a canceled cheque of a concerned bank. Otherwise the Bank Statement containing details can be given. What are the particulars to be given for address proof? In order to ascertain the address of investor, the clearing member will insist on Xerox copy of Ration card or the Pass Book/ Bank Statement where the address of investor is given. What are the other forms to be signed by the investor? The clearing member will ask the client to sign a) Know your client form ) Risk Discloser Document The above things are only procedure in character and the risk involved and only after understanding the business, he wants to transact business. What aspects should be considered while selecting a commodity broker? While selecting a commodity broker investor should ideally keep certain aspects in mind to ensure that they are not being missed in any which way.

Christian Holidays Taken from Wiccan/Pagan Sabbats Essay Example For Students

Christian Holidays Taken from Wiccan/Pagan Sabbats Essay Christian Holidays Taken From Wiccan/Pagan Sabbats Melissa Ezzell COM 220 July 4, 2010 Titilayo Evans Christianity and Wicca (Paganism/Neo-Paganism), what do you know about these two religions? When I was growing up I believed in the Christian beliefs; however I now practice Wicca. Look closely at the Christian religion and notice how similar it is to Wicca. Although denied by most Christians the similarities are there because â€Å"Christianity began in the middle of Pagan culture† (Kane, p. 12). Is the origin of Christianity based on ancient Pagan beliefs or is it wholly original? Christianity started around four BC (History of Christianity, 2004; Anonymous, Timeline of Christianity, 2006) yet Wicca was said to have started around 2000 BC (Anonymous, Timeline of Neopaganism, Wicca, and Witchcraft, 2005). However, most of Wiccans practice what is now known as â€Å"modern† Wicca, which was founded approximately in 1949 with the first Wiccan publication, by a man named Gardner (History of Paganism, 2004). In the time of Christ, paganism was known as the mystery religion. Paganism was called as such because of the secretive nature and lack of writings associated with them. â€Å"A variety of mystery religions were practiced throughout the empire, but most of them held in common a heavy element of secrecy, the use of syncretism in their belief and practice, and a focus on the death and resurrection of a savior-god† (Anonymous, Timeline of Neopaganism, Wicca, and Witchcraft, 2005, p. 15). However, witches no longer have to be secretive and practice in the dark, but some witches will still practice in secret because of the fear that has been â€Å"burned† into their hearts. Most of the knowledge of these pagan religions dates from the second century (Anonymous, The Historical Context of Christianity, 2004). Around four BC when Jesus was born is about the time Christianity was believed to begin. Before Jesus went on his ministry, approximately 28 Common Era (CE), John the Baptist began spreading the word of the Christian God and the coming of his kingdom (History of Christianity, 2004). The precise duration of Jesus’s ministry is unknown, but many estimates suggest that his public work lasted between one and three years† (History of Christianity, 2004, p. 4). The life of Jesus was cut short when the Romans executed him (History of Christianity, 2004). After Jesus died he was said to rise again, and the â€Å"rebirth† is celebrated on Easter. O stara is one example of pagan influence on Christianity. Other examples include the sites of where Catholics built their churches, their saints who were, in fact, Goddesses and Gods, their holy days, and cultural celebrations. Most of the Christian holidays have been taken from pagan holidays and beliefs (Anonymous, The Historical Context of Christianity, 2004). For example: * Groundhog Day is Imbolc (Robinson, 2002), * Easter is Ostara aka Spring Equinox (Anonymous, Easter; Its Pagan Origins, 2009) * Christmas, which is Yule (Robinson, 2002) * May Day, which is Beltane (Robinson, 2002) * Halloween, which is Samhain (Robinson, 2002) * the names for days, weeks, and months, common sayings, and numerous other traditions associated with holidays (Robinson, 2002) According to the website  Pagan Origins of the Christ Myth  (POCM), â€Å"Mediterranean cultures in the ancient world ‘shared standard ideas about Gods and their powers and place in the universe Christianity simply adopted those ideas and applied them to Jesus’† (Kane) Here is a look at which Christian holidays were taken from Wiccan Sabbats (Anonymous, A Comparative Look at Catholicism and Wicca, 2000) (The Wiccan Sabbats are on the outside of the ring) The Holiday for Lammas is also known as Lughnasadh, which is celebrated on August first (Anonymous, Wiccan and Neopagan Festivals, 2007). Modern paganism’s history has been debated both within and outside of it. There are claims that its traditions have been preserved and secretly handed down through the generations. Other suggestions are that the â€Å"ancient traditions† are twentieth century constructions for which customs and tales of folk religion have been the inspiration (History of Paganism, 2004). Fine Arts Budget Cuts EssayAlexander Sanders was born in 1926 and died in 1988, he became known as the â€Å"King of Witches. Alexander is also the founder of Alexandrian Wicca which is one of the major Wiccan/Witchcraft traditions. It is said that, at the age of seven, he ran across his grandmother performing some type of ritual. When she noticed that he was there, she was taken aback and initiated him on the spot and swore him to secrecy. He became her student on the path of the â€Å"Old Religion. † After his grandmother passed away, he claimed that she had given him her Book of Shadows. It was said that he tried to gain entrance into some of the Gardnerian covens, which in turn refused him. He managed to obtain a copy of the Gardnerian Book of Shadow, which he copied and added a few of his own writings as well. Claiming the book was his grandmother’s Book of Shadows. After convincing â€Å"the Manchester Evening News† to put an article about Wicca on the front page, a large group of people started following the â€Å"Alexandrian Wicca. † He taught classes and ran the coven from his home in London and was said to have initiated more than 1623 witches into 100 different covens across the country. Here is a picture of Alexander Sanders (Knowles, Alex Sanders (1926-1988), 2001) (Knowles, Alex Sanders (1926-1988), 2001) So in conclusion, there is proof that Christian holidays are taken from Pagan Sabbats. Although there are not many documents prior to the â€Å"birth† of the Gardnerian Wicca, there is evidence of Wicca/Paganism pre-dating Christianity. The lack of documentation can be easily explained by the persecution, suppression, and systematic destruction of the pagan religions by the Christians. In the middle of the 20th Century, Gardner and others revived and published books on paganism. Paganism is now recognized as mainstream religion. Pagan traditions were passed down verbally until Sanders broke the vow of secrecy with his publicized material. Please note that the â€Å"p† in citations is for paragraphs. Works Cited Anonymous. (2000). A Comparative Look at Catholicism and Wicca. Retrieved July 3, 2010, from Northco: http://www. northco. net/chenke/comp_1. html Anonymous. (2009, December 26). Easter; Its Pagan Origins. Retrieved July 1, 2010, from Religious Tolerance: http://www. religioustolerance. org/easter1. htm Anonymous. (2004, December 27). The Historical Context of Christianity. Retrieved May 21, 2010, from ReligionFacts: http://www. religionfacts. com/christianity/history/context. htm Anonymous. (2006, August 27). Timeline of Christianity. Retrieved May 21, 2010, from ReligionFacts: http://www. religionfacts. com/christianity/timeline. htm Anonymous. (2005, April 16). Timeline of Neopaganism, Wicca, and Witchcraft. Retrieved May 21, 2010, from ReligionFacts: http://www. religionfacts. com/neopaganism/timeline. htm Anonymous. (2007, February 9). Wiccan and Neopagan Festivals. Retrieved May 23, 2010, from Religion Facts: http://www. religionfacts. com/neopaganism/festivals. htm History of Christianity. (2004). Religious Holidays Calendars. Retrieved June 23, 2010, from Credo reference: http://www. credoreference. com. ezproxy. apollolibrary. com/entry/ogirholidays/history_of_christianity History of Paganism. (2004). Religious Holidays Calendars. Retrieved June 23, 2010, from Credo Reference: http://www. credoreference. com. ezproxy. apollolibrary. com/entry/ogirholidays/the_history_of_paganism Kane, G. (n. d. ). Victors History. Retrieved June 1, 2010, from Pagan Origins of Christian Myth: http://www. pocm. info/getting_started_victors_history. html Knowles, G. 2003, October 3). Aleister Crowley (1875-1947). Retrieved July 4, 2010, from Controversial: http://www. controverscial. com/Aleister%20Crowley. htm Knowles, G. (2001, May 4). Alex Sanders (1926-1988). Retrieved July 4, 2010, from Controverscial: http://www. controverscial. com/Alex%20Sanders. htm Knowles, G. (2001, May 26). Gerald Brosseau Gardner (1884-1964). Retrieved July 4, 2010, from Controver sial: http://www. controverscial. com/Gerald%20Brosseau%20Gardner. htm Robinson, B. A. (2002, August 6). Christianity, Ancient Celtic Beliefs, and Witchcraft. Retrieved June 23, 2010, from Religious Tolerance: http://www. eligioustolerance. org/wic_chr. htm Wakefield, M. (2004, December 18). We are all pagans now: paganism is one of our fastest-growing religions. Mary Wakefield talks to a druid and finds out why witchcraft appeals to 21st-century Britain. Retrieved July 04, 2010, from General One File: http://find. galegroup. com. ezproxy. apollolibrary. com/gps/retrieve. do? contentSet=IAC-DocumentsresultListType=RESULT_LISTqrySerId=Locale(en,,):FQE%3D(SU,None,10)%22paganism%22$sgHitCountType=NoneinPS=truesort=DateDescendsearchType=BasicSearchFormtabID